PHRASAL VERBS OCT-NOV

1.     cut back on something	consume less	My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods.
2.     cut something down	make something fall to the ground	We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the storm.
3.     cut in	interrupt	Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle.
4.     cut in	pull in too closely in front of another vehicle	The bus driver got angry when that car cut in.
5.     cut in	start operating (of an engine or electrical device)	The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22°C.
6.     cut something off	remove with something sharp	The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured.
7.     cut something off	stop providing	The phone company cut off our phone because we didn't pay the bill.
8.     cut someone off	take out of a will	My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried.
9.     cut something out	remove part of something (usually with scissors and paper)	I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
10.   do someone/something over	beat up, ransack (Br.E., informal)	He's lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by a street gang.
11.   do something over	do again (N.Amer.)	My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like my topic.
12.   do away with something	discard	It's time to do away with all of these old tax records.
13.   do something up	fasten, close	Do your coat up before you go outside. It's snowing!
14.   dress up	wear nice clothing	It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.
15.   drop back	move back in a position/group	Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.
16.   drop in/by/over	come without an appointment	I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this week.
17.   drop someone/something off	take someone/something somewhere and leave them/it there	I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over.
18.   drop out	quit a class, school etc	I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult.
19.   eat out	eat at a restaurant	I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.
20.   end up	eventually reach/do/decide	We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
21.   fall apart	break into pieces	My new dress fell apart in the washing machine.
22.   fall down	fall to the ground	The picture that you hung up last night fell down this morning.
23.   fall out	separate from an interior	The money must have fallen out of my pocket.

IDIOMS OCT-NOV

D

Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures: 
When you are extremely desperate you need to take extremely desperate actions.

Drink like a fish: 
To drink very heavily.

Drive someone up the wall: 
To irritate and/or annoy very much.

Dropping Like Flies: 
A large number of people either falling ill or dying.

Dry Run: 
Rehearsal.

E

Eighty Six: 
A certain item is no longer available. Or this idiom can also mean, to throw away.

Elvis has left the building: 
The show has come to an end. It's all over.

Ethnic Cleansing: 
Killing of a certain ethnic or religious group on a massive scale.

Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining: 
Be optomistic, even difficult times will lead to better days.

Everything But The Kitchen Sink: 
Almost everything and anything has been included.

Excuse my French: 
Please forgive me for cussing.

F

Feeding Frenzy: 
An aggressive attack on someone by a group. 

Field Day: 
An enjoyable day or circumstance. 

Finding Your Feet: 
To become more comfortable in whatever you are doing. 

Finger lickin' good: 
A very tasty food or meal. 

Fixed In Your Ways: 
Not willing or wanting to change from your normal way of doing something. 

Flash In The Pan: 
Something that shows potential or looks promising in the beginning but fails to deliver anything in the end. 

Flea Market: 
A swap meet. A place where people gather to buy and sell inexpensive goods. 

Flesh and Blood: 
This idiom can mean living material of which people are made of, or it can refer to someone's family. 

Flip The Bird: 
To raise your middle finger at someone. 

Foam at the Mouth: 
To be enraged and show it. 

Fools' Gold: 
Iron pyrites, a worthless rock that resembles real gold. 

French Kiss: 
An open mouth kiss where tongues touch. 

From Rags To Riches: 
To go from being very poor to being very wealthy.

Fuddy-duddy: 
An old-fashioned and foolish type of person. 

LITERATURE BOOK 2

Dear students, this bimester you will be using: The Picture of Dorian Gray in your Literature class.  Enjoy!

READING STRATEGIES: 

• RECOGNIZE, UNDERSTAND AND RELATE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION IN THE TEXT IN ORDER TO GET A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING. 
• RECOGNIZE THE CENTRAL THEME OF A PARAGRAPH. 
• RELATE PARAGRAPHS TO RECOGNIZE THE LINK BETWEEN THE CONTENT AND THE AUTHOR'S INTENTION. 
• IDENTIFY LITERARY ELEMENTS IN THE TEXT. (PLOT, THEME, CHARACTER, SETTING CONFLICT, CLIMAX, TURNING POINT, MOOD, POINT OF VIEW, AND TONE)

WRITING 3: ARTICLE

ARTICLE

Definition:

An article is a written composition in prose on a specific topic. It usually forms part of a book or other publication such as a magazine or newspaper.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Questions to open your article with:

Have you ever…

Do you ever wonder…

Do you think that…

Introducing your ideas: 
Firstly,…

First of all,…

To begin with,…

Secondly,…

Apart from that,…

So,…

In conclusion,…

To sum up…

Giving examples:

…such as…

For example,…

…like…

…particularly…

Endings:

It seems to me…

What I think is…

Personally,…

In my view,…

TIPS

• Make sure you give your article a title.
• Don’t just write any information on the topic; plan your article according to the points in the question.
• Use a variety of shorter and longer sentences to show you can use a range of structures.

 PLAN

Paragraph 1

1. Get the attention of the reader.
2. Introduce the topic of your article.

Paragraph 2

3. Give the main information.

Paragraph 3

4. Add extra information.

Paragraph 4

5. Summarize and give your opinion.

EXAMPLE

My favorite shop

Can you imagine a shop where you have an amazing variety of absolutely everything?  This is my ideal shop and it exists! The shop is called Peterson and it is in downtown.

Peterson is an incredible store – it has six floors and is a beautiful old building. Inside it has hundreds of departments selling everything imaginable, such as food, clothes, furniture, electrical goods and even pets.  There are also restaurants so you can take a break from shopping!

To begin with, I love it because it has feeling of luxury.  The shop assistants are really friendly but the only problem is it is quite expensive.  It is a very well-known store so sometimes when I shop there I can see famous people.

Some people think shopping is a silly activity but personally I like it because it is quite social and you can go with your friends and discuss things.  At the same time you can find out about lots of new products –and you don’t have to buy!